利用洛必达证明极限

Aug 16, 2019·
Yi Zhuang
Yi Zhuang
· 1 min read
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一道题,已知 f 在 (a, +∞) 上可导,且 limx→+∞ f(x) + f ′(x) = b(有限或为无穷),求证limx→+∞ f(x) = b

已知$f$在$(a,+\infty)$上可导,且$\lim_{x\rightarrow +\infty} f(x)+f'(x)=b$(有限或为无穷),求证$\lim_{x\rightarrow +\infty} f(x)=b$

证明

如果有

$$ \lim_{x\rightarrow +\infty}\exp{x}f(x) = \infty$$

那么利用洛必达巧妙证明

$$\begin{aligned} \lim_{x\rightarrow +\infty}f(x)=\lim_{x\rightarrow +\infty}\frac{\exp{x}f(x)}{\exp{x}}=\lim_{x\rightarrow +\infty}\frac{\exp{x}(f(x))+f'(x))}{\exp{x}}=\lim_{x\rightarrow +\infty}f(x)+f'(x) \end{aligned}$$

而如果

$$ \lim_{x\rightarrow +\infty}\exp{x}f(x) < \infty$$

那么可知$\lim_{x\rightarrow +\infty}f(x)=0$,进而$\lim_{x\rightarrow +\infty}f'(x)=0$,等式仍然成立。

Yi Zhuang
Authors
PhD student in Meteorology
Yi Zhuang is a PhD student at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. His research focuses on the predictability of the Martian atmosphere, numerical modeling, CNOP, and nonlinear dynamics.